Expediting the agroecological transition for resilient food systems in North Africa

North Africa is facing growing environmental, social and economic challenges and is in desperate need of agroecological transition to ensure the sustainability of its agricultural systems. Agroecology is emerging as a holistic and sustainable approach to natural resources management and as a lever to reconcile food security, ecosystem preservation and resilience to climate change. In this context, the regional conference on "Agroecology: Science and Policy", convened in Tunis by the Sahara and Sahel Observatory (OSS) and the Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of CIHEAM Montpellier (IAMM), on January 29-31, 2025, brought together experts, decision-makers, researchers, private sector and civil society actors to lay the foundations for a successful transition to sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural systems. The meeting gave room to reflection on agroecology and identified strategic avenues for implementing concrete solutions adapted to local realities.

The main purpose of the conference was to think on how to move to sustainable agricultural systems that can meet the environmental and socio-economic challenges of the region. Discussions highlighted the importance of integrating the concept of agroecology into national agricultural policies, through a process that requires strong commitments at all levels, as well as close coordination between the different actors.

The first recommendation of this conference was to adopt an integrated approach that combines the scientific results of research with local know-how. This would require the establishment of policy and regulatory frameworks that promote the adoption of agroecology, while considering the environmental, economic and social specificities of each country. Institutional actors, in particular the ministries of agriculture, environment and economic planning, shall play a central role in this dynamic, by developing public policies that genuinely support the agroecological transition.

As such, it is essential for the farmers to access the appropriate financial mechanisms and find the required resources for the implementation of agroecological practices. The creation of innovative financing mechanisms, such as microcredits or funds dedicated to agroecology, appears to be a crucial lever to support this transition. Plus, financial incentives, such as subsidies for the establishment of composting systems, sustainable irrigation bonuses or pilot projects, should be put in place to encourage the adoption of these practices.

It is also important to strengthen agricultural extension systems in order to train farmers, technicians and engineers in the principles of agroecology. National agricultural structures and training centers must integrate these new practices into their programs to ensure effective dissemination and optimal exploitation thereof. Cooperation between research institutions, agricultural organizations and local NGOs is crucial to promote these trainings and support such a process.

Supporting market access for agroecological products was also highlighted, while promoting labels and certifications that guarantee the quality of the products. It was stated that support for the establishment of consultation platforms between farmers, researchers and policy makers is necessary for stronger ties between the different stakeholders and a more active collaborative approach.

Furthermore, it is important to set up mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating the environmental, social and economic impacts of these practices in order to adapt public policies based on the results obtained and to identify the best practices to promote on a larger scale. This evaluation must be based on clear and measurable performance indicators, in order to guarantee the sustainability and effectiveness of the solutions implemented.

Regional cooperation plays a key role in the dissemination of agroecological practices by promoting the sharing of experiences and the pooling of knowledge. Stronger networks and cooperation platforms ensure a continuous exchange, paving the way for coordinated initiatives and collective actions. This dynamic is based on the commitment of governments, international Organizations, research institutions and private actors, who are essential for structuring an agroecological transition aligned with the features of every country.

Agroecology is becoming a systemic response to current challenges related to sustainability, food security and environmental preservation. The commitments made at this conference must be supported by concrete actions to transform these commitments into effective and sustainable public policies.